Request pdf metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer we introduce the concept of a metamaterial aperture, in which an underlying reference mode interacts. We present a dynamic metamaterial aperture for use in computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies. Pdf large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave. The recent theory of compressive sensing leverages upon the structure of signals to acquire them with much fewer measurements than was previously thought necessary and certainly well below the. The dynamic aperture consists of a microstrip transmission line with an array of radiating, complementary, subwavelength metamaterial irises patterned into the upper conductor.
It starts with generation of an image, and in this section, we will look at some of the ways to deal with images produced by microscopes. Resolution of the frequency diverse metamaterial aperture. Metamaterial apertures based computation imaging system enables interrogating the scene information with frequencydiverse complex radiation fields, reducing the complicated active components and. Resolution of the frequency diverse metamaterial aperture imager okan yurduseven1, mohammadreza f. Singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface.
Optical design and characterization of an advanced computational imaging system. Tuning the response of the metamaterial allowed imaging of a scene with a 40. Resolution of the conventional lens is limited to half the wavelength of the light source by diffraction. Nov 17, 2015 we present a dynamic metamaterial aperture for use in computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies. The dynamic aperture consists of a microstrip transmission line with an array of radiating, complementary. Smith, metamaterial apertures for computational imaging, science, vol. Coded aperture projection acm tog 2010 max grosse, gordon wetzstein, anselm grundhoefer, oliver bimber coding a projectors aperture plane with adaptive patterns together with inverse filtering allow the depthoffield of projected imagery to be increased.
By deploying two of these apertures, one as the transmitter and one as the receiver, we. Smith1 1center for metamaterials and integrate plasmonics, duke university, department of electrical and computer engineering, durham, nc 27708, usa. Feasibility and limits of wifi imaging proceedings of the. Singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures. Design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial aperture. We use a geometric optics model and ignore the effect of diffraction due to small apertures.
A framework for the analysis of computational imaging systems. Lightfield microscopic imaging although existing conceptually for more than a century 19, lightfield imaging, also known as integral imaging, has only. Dynamic metasurface apertures for synthetic aperture radar imaging applications timothy sleasman 1, michael boyarsky 1, laura pulidomancera 1, thomas fromenteze 1, mohammadreza f. We are particularly interested in developing nextgeneration imaging systems that combine advances in hardware and software, although many of us also focus on purely algorithmic work and applied mathematics that have practical applications in imaging. Smith1 1center for metamaterials and integrate plasmonics, duke university, department of electrical and computer. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging pubag. Although many advanced imaging functions are facilitated by providing external access to both aperture and image planes in cis1 and cis2, our major contribution is the external accessible apertures, for the way the intermediate image planes are. By randomly distributing the metamaterials resonance frequencies, we show. We investigate the imaging capabilities of a onedimensional, dynamic, metamaterial aperture that operates at the lower part of kband microwave frequencies 17. The aperture consists of an array of complementary, resonant metamaterial elements patterned into the upper conductor of a microstrip line. Lipworth g, mrozack a, hunt j, marks dl, driscoll t, brady d, smith dr. Design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial aperture for computational imaging at microwave frequencies. I object distance from the camera as part of 3d localization i brightness, orientation, and shape of objects i includes our work on specular and diffuse brdf computations for object characterization using. Mar 07, 2017 singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures.
American association for the advancement of science. We, the undersigned committee members, certify that we have advised andor supervised the candidate on the work described in this dissertation. Recently, a frequencydiverse, metamaterialbased aperture has been introduced in the context of microwave and millimeter wave imaging. Intelligent electromagnetic sensing with learnable data.
In the conventional optical system, evanescent waves, which carry subdiffraction spatial information, has exponentially decaying amplitude and therefore cannot reach to the image plane. The imaging system we present here combines a computational imaging approach with custom aperture hardware that allows compression to be performed on the physical layer that is used to do the illumination andor recording. Imaging interferometry has a strong history at the university of arizona. To achieve this, we leverage multipath propagation that results in wireless signals bouncing off of objects before arriving at the receiver. Metamaterial has a pivotal role in regulating photons, allowing manipulation of lights to realize intriguing functionalities, such as negative refraction, perfect imaging and invisibility cloaking. Feasibility and limits of wifi imaging proceedings of. Investigation of alignment errors on multistatic microwave. Some goals of 3d optical imaging i to seek the complete structure of objects in our surroundings i to extract information from the image data such as. Compressive hyperspectral imaging by random separable projections in both the spatial and the spectral domains. Figure 2 displays the crossvalidation errors over the course of the training iterations for different numbers m of coding patterns of the metasurface 3, 9, 15, and 20. Metamaterial aperturesbased computation imaging system enables interrogating the scene information with frequencydiverse complex radiation fields, reducing the complicated active components and.
Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on. Pdf we demonstrate a lowprofile holographic imaging system at millimeter. Smith1, 3 abstractthe resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is. Sparse recovery and psf engineering bob plemmons wake forest university emeritus imaging, vision and learning based on optimization and pdes bergen norway 2016. The capability of a metamaterial hyperlens for subdiffractionlimited imaging is shown below. Optics and photonics for information processing viii september 19, 2014. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging john hunt, tom driscoll, alex mrozack, guy lipworth, matthew reynolds, david brady, david r. Our imaging device consists of a leaky waveguide, formed by patterning the top conductor of a standard microstrip line with complementary electricinductorcapacitors celcs 21, 22 metamaterial elements fig. The process of extracting meaningful data from computational images is often a long and complex one. Oct 23, 20 simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging abstract.
The generic form of the aperture is that of a parallel plate waveguide, in which complementary metamaterial elements patterned into the upper plate couple energy from the waveguide mode to the scene. Large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave computational. Phase retrieval from intensity measurements fourier. Many futuristic intelligent concepts that will affect our society, from ambientassisted health care via autonomous vehicles to touchless humancomputer interaction, necessitate sensors that can monitor a devices surroundings fast and without extensive computational effort. Information theory of metasurfaces national science. New optical materials called metamaterials have provided new ways to overcome diffraction limit in. By leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving parts, or phase shifters is demonstrated. Review of metasurface antennas for computational microwave imaging. For simplicity without loss of generality, we consider the imaging quality of two monochromatic line current sources transmitting through a metamaterial slab. Computational imaging has become an important eld, as a merger of both algorithms and physical experiments. This constraint makes scaling of computational imaging systems. The resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is investigated. Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging. Computational imaging coded aperture projection acm tog 2010.
Security screening via computational imaging using frequency. Hopkins was the first telescope to carry out coherent beam combining, or imaging interferometry. We explore the feasibility of achieving computational imaging using wifi signals. Ghz, such that the aperture produces a rapidly varying sequence of field patterns as a. Basic principles in the optical design of imaging multiple. Computational imaging schemes have also been utilized in computer generated holography 5, spatial light modulators 6, and multiple scattering mediums 7. Resolution of the frequency diverse metamaterial aperture imager. Recently, frequencydiverse metamaterial apertures have been demonstrated as a platform for computational imaging schemes at microwave frequencies 812.
Design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial aperture for computational. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging science. Both provide accessible apertures as well as accessible image planes for computational imaging. Request pdf metamaterial apertures for computational imaging by leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving.
Simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent. Review on microwave metamaterial structures for near. Singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures timothy sleasman1,michael boyarsky1,mohammadreza f. We introduce the concept of a metamaterial aperture, in which an underlying. Imani1, hayrettin odabasi1, jonah gollub1,guylipworth1, alec rose2, and david r. A guidedwave metamaterial aperture is used to perform compressive image reconstruction at 10 frames per second of twodimensional range and angle sparse still and video scenes at kband 18 to 26 gigahertz frequencies, using frequency diversity to avoid mechanical scanning. Nevertheless, our analysis covers a very large array of existing imaging systems 41, 47, 28, 48, 25, 42. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging request pdf. Security screening via computational imaging using. Pdf singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic. Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging. Subdiffraction imaging in the far field edit with conventional optical lenses, the far field is a limit that is too distant for evanescent waves to arrive intact.
These properties are exploited in designing functional components and devices for many potential applications. Abstract computational imaging techniques represent a potentially disruptive technology which can remove some of the fundamental rules determining the minimum size, weight and cost of imaging systems using conventional optics. Osa design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial. Infrared, computational imaging, wavefront coding, multiaperture, multiscale. Aperture access and manipulation for computational imaging. Each metamaterial element contains two diodes connected to an external control circuit such that the resonance of the metamaterial. A metamaterial aperture operating as a leaky waveguide with resonating metamaterial irises can sweep its operation frequency to modify its complex field pattern with no moving parts.
Dynamic metasurface apertures for synthetic aperture radar. Phase retrieval from intensity measurements is one of the most challenging computational imaging problems. In general, depending on the difficulty of the sensing task and the signaltonoise ratio, 38 a measurement with a single coding pattern cannot be expected to obtain sufficient relevant information. Many lens designs have been proposed that go beyond the diffraction limit in some way, but constraints and obstacles face each of them. Simulations of 2d metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging abstract. Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging pp. Aug 01, 20 metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer. The latest development of metasurface, with reduced dimensionality, has exceptional abilities for controlling the flow of lights 57. By leveraging metamaterials and compressive imaging, a lowprofile aperture capable of microwave imaging without lenses, moving parts, or. The diffraction limit is a feature of conventional lenses and microscopes that limits the fineness of their resolution. Related research several academic and industrial research teams around the world are developing a variety of computational cameras. Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer. The sources are embedded in medium 1 with uniform and isotropic permittivity 1 and permeability m1, displaced by width. Us20335256a1 metamaterial devices and methods of using.
Singular fios in sar imaging, ii transmitter and receiver at different speeds timothy sleasman, michael boyarsky, mohammadreza f. Optical design and characterization of an advanced. The resonant frequencies of the metamaterial elements are randomly distributed over a large bandwidth 1826 ghz, such that the aperture produces a rapidly varying sequence of field patterns as a function of. We introduce the concept of a metamaterial aperture, in which an underlying reference mode interacts with a designed metamaterial surface to produce a series of complex field patterns. Where computing is inherent part of imaging keywords synthetic aperture imaging, coded aperture imaging, diaphanography, exact cone beam reconstruction, diffuse optical tomography created date. What comes out of the microscope is usually a single large file in a format. Computational imaging in the sciences medical imaging. Applications in synthetic aperture imaging, phase retrieval, and digital holography. These reflections effectively light up the objects, which we use to perform imaging. An evaluation of computational imaging techniques for. Implementation and characterization of a twodimensional printed.
We use a 1d metamaterial aperture to perform compressed imaging of various 2d one angle plus range canonically sparse scenes. Metamaterials and imaging nano convergence full text. Computational imaging for heterogeneous inverse scattering 3 fig. Ultrafast imaging using spectral resonance modulation. Smith1, 3 abstractthe resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is investigated. Propagating waves through a single metamaterial layer circumvents many of.
Novel metamaterials and their applications in subwavelength waveguides, imaging and modulation by wangshi zhao committee approval. A framework for the analysis of computational imaging. Research article journal of the optical society of america b 1 singlefrequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures timothy sleasman1,michael boyarsky1,mohammadreza f. Computational imaging massachusetts institute of technology. Osa comprehensive simulation platform for a metamaterial. The recent theory of compressive sensing leverages upon the structure of signals to acquire them with much fewer measurements than was. A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit.